Optical Trapping

        Optical trapping techniques are used by scientists to study fundamental quantum mechanical properties of atoms. These techniques, such as magneto-optical traps and lattice traps, use low-noise lasers to cool and contain atoms in an ultra-cold state. In this state, scientists can study properties of Bose-Einstein condensates, and perform experiments in quantum computing and quantum cryptography. These techniques, once only the realm of pure research, are moving into applications such as portable and compact ultra-precise clocks and navigational equipment.